1. 05.1.1. The ITER Physics Data Model

• Joint scientific exploitation of ITER by multiple teams requires a Data Model to name and communicate physical and technical information → ITER Physics Data Model
• The Data Model provides information for data providers and data consumers on…
  • What data exist ?
  • What are they called ?
  • How are they structured as seen by the user ?

• Main features:
  • Aims at being the main gate to data for scientific exploitation, both for code interfacing and hands-on data browsing
  • Unique for simulated and experimental data (same data structures)
  • Device-generic → usable for ITER or any other fusion device
  • Precise design rules for global homogeneity
  • Precise lifecycle procedure to be able to evolve and be jointly developed by multiple teams

2. 05.1.2. Interface Data Structures (IDS) 

2.1. 05.1.2.1. Introduction

• For Integrated Modelling, the Data Model defines Interface Data Structures (IDS). These are structures within the Data Model that are used as standard interfaces between codes
• Solves the N2 problem (large number of components from various ITER members expected in IMAS)
• The usage of the IDSs makes the coupling of codes straightforward if they are in the same programming language
• The usage of the IDSs + AL allows coupling of codes even if they are not written in the same language
• The usage of the IDSs does NOT constrain your choice of coupling method. Codes can be coupled as:
  • Subroutines within a main program
  • Executables within a script
  • Components within a workflow engine
• The Data Model has a tree structure, for the sake of clarity
• At the top level, a collection of modular structures representing
  
  • Abstract physical quantities (e.g. distribution functions)
  • Tokamak subsystems (e.g. PF systems)
• Each IDS has an “ids_properties” substructure (metadata + comments + timebase usage)
• Each IDS has a “code” substructure (trace the code-specific parameters of the code that has generated this IDS)
• Each IDS has a generic timebase (“time”)

2.2. 05.1.2.2. Documentation

• Obtaining documentation
  • Automatically generated (type dd_doc command to see list of IDSes similar to this on picture above)
  • Accessed on following >>page<< of EUROfusion portal (more user-friendly GUI)
  • Most recent version of Data Dictionary can be found here: imas-3.24.0
• Description of IDS contains:
  • List of all IDSs. For each of them, a detailed documentation:
  • Full path name: name of all variables of the IDSs, with their path in the structure. Replace “/” by the structure operator in a programming language, e.g. “%” in Fortran, “.” in C++, Matlab, Java, Python
  • Description
  • Definition
  • Units in []
  • In {}, whether it is STATIC (constant over a range of pulses, e.g. machine configuration), CONSTANT (constant over the pulse or the simulation), or DYNAMIC (time-dependent within the pulse or the simulation)
  • Data_Type: indicates whether it is a string, an integer or a real, and its dimension (0D, 1D, 2D, …)
  • Coordinates: for each dimension, the full path name to the related coordinate. If the dimension simply refers to a quantity not present in the Data Model, it is indicated as “1…N”

2.3. 05.1.2.3. IDS and time 

• The  IDS time mode is defined by ids_properties/homogeneous_time  flag that can have values: 
  • IDS_TIME_MODE_HETEROGENEOUS, 
  • IDS_TIME_MODE_HOMOGENEOUS,
  • IDS_TIME_MODE_INDEPENDENT 
• HETEROGENEOUS time mode: 
  • The Data Model provides the flexibility that every node has its own timebase. This is mandatory to represent experimental data as it has been acquired.
    • pf_active%coil(i1)%current%data(itime)
    • pf_active%coil(i1)%current%time(itime)
  • The coordinates documentation provides the information on the localisation of the timebase in the structure. 
• HOMOGENEOUS time mode: 
  • A frequent use case is that a code will provide its output IDS on a unique timebase. Therefore there is a simplifying option to use an IDS structure with a homogeneous timebase.
  • The homogeneous timebase is located at the top level of every IDS
    • pf_active%time
  • It will apply to all dynamic nodes of the IDS.
• The code writing the IDS has the responsibility of defining this parameter and fill the appropriate time coordinate(s)

2.4. 05.1.2.4. Time "slices"

Time is of course a key physical quantity in the description  of a tokamak experiment. Present day integrated modelling codes all have their workflow based on time evolution. Time has however a hybrid status because of the large differences in time scales in the various physical processes. For instance, the plasma force balance equilibrium (which yields the surface magnetic topology) or Radio Frequency wave propagation are established on very fast ime scales with respect to other processes such as macroscopic cross-field transport. Therefore such physical problems are often considered as “static” by other parts of the workflow, which need to know only their steady-state solution. In fact such a configuration appears quite often in the physics workflows: a physical object that varies with time during an experiment (e.g., the plasma equilibrium) can also be considered as a collection of static time slices, and the other modules in the workflow will need only a single static time slice of it to solve their own physical problem at a given time. 

Each time slice is located at given index. When you are looking for a time slice, there are three possible ways of finding "correct" time slice.

• 1 : CLOSEST_SAMPLE
  the returned IDS is the stored IDS whose time is closest to the passed time;
• 2 : PREVIOUS_SAMPLE
  the IDS whose time is just before the passed time is returned.
• 3 : LINEAR INTERPOLATION
  the values of the time-dependent return IDS fields are computed according to a linear interpolation between the corresponding values of the IDSs just before and after the passed time;

2.5. 05.1.2.5. Occurrences

There can be multiple instances, or “occurrences” of a given IDS in a database entry . These occurrences can correspond to different methods for computing the physical quantities of the IDS, or to different functionalities in a workflow (e.g. store initial values, prescribed values, values at next time step, …). For modelling tokamak experiments, multiple source terms are needed because many different heating/fuelling/current drive mechanisms are commonly used simultaneously. In present  day integrated modelling codes, this is usually done by pre-defining in the data structure slots for each of the expected heating methods. Moreover, the way to combine these source terms is also usually pre-defined, though present codes have some possibility to tune their workflows with a set of flags – still within a pre-defined list of possible options. In view of providing a maximum flexibility of the workflow (which can also be something completely different from the usual “transport” workflows), we have to abandon this strategy and go for multiple IDS occurrences. For each physical problem we have defined a IDS type that must be used to exchange information related to this problem. While the elementary IDS structure is designed for a single time slice, we have gathered all time slices referring to the same physical object in an array of IDS time slices. This array is the unit which is manipulated when editing workflows. We now introduce the possibility to have in a workflow multiple IDS occurrences, i.e. multiple occurrences of arrays of IDSs of the same type.

By default, the IDS name without specification of the occurrence number (e.g. “equilibrium”) corresponds to occurrence “0”. IDS occurrences above the default value (occurrence “0”) are accessed by concatenating the name of the IDS with the occurrence number, with a “/” in between. For example “equilibrium/2” is the name of the occurrence number 2 of the equilibrium IDS. Note that “equilibrium/0” is not valid (temporary limitation).

In the present implementation, there is a pre-set maximum number of occurrences of a given IDS usable in a Database entry or in a workflow. This number is indicated in the documentation in the “Max. occurrence number” column of the list of IDS table. This limitation should be removed in the future